Population-based versus hospital-based controls: are they comparable?

Population-based versus hospital-based controls: are they comparable?

OBJECTIVE To compare whether there are differences among hospital and population controls. METHODS Two case-control studies were conducted on lung cancer risk factors in the Santiago de Compostela Public Health District. Whereas one used randomly chosen census-based population controls, the other used consecutive hospital controls that went to the reference hospital for non-smoking-related tr...

Evidence-based medicine versus personalized medicine: are they enemies?

InterVA versus Spectrum: how comparable are they in estimating AIDS mortality patterns in Nairobi's informal settlements?

BACKGROUND The Spectrum computer package is used to generate national AIDS mortality estimates in settings where vital registration systems are lacking. Similarly, InterVA-4 (the latest version of the InterVA programme) is used to estimate cause-of-mortality data in countries where cause-specific mortality data are not available. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare trends in adult AIDS-relat...

Standardized patients versus simulated patients in medical education: are they the same or different

In order to equip medical students with all the necessary skills in dealing with patients to provide optimal treatment, the need for the use of real patients in educational settings has become prominent. But all the required skills cannot be practiced on real patients due to patients’ safety and well-being. Thus, the use of standardized patients (SPs) or simulated patients (SiPs) as a substitut...

Parallel and comparable corpora: what are they up to?

With ever increasing international exchange and accelerated globalisation, translation and contrastive studies are more popular than ever. As part of this new wave of research on translation and contrastive studies, corpora, and multilingual corpora in particular, have a prominent role. In this chapter, we will illustrate the value of parallel and comparable corpora to translation and contrasti...